Day 3

ART213 Blog

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WHO WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES?

I'm sure that George Washington was your first guess.

But think back to your history books — The United States declared its independence in 1776, yet Washington did not take office until April 30, 1789.

So who was running the country during these initial years of this young country?

It was the first eight U.S. Presidents.

In fact, the first President of the United States was one John Hanson.

 The new country was actually formed on March 1, 1781 with the adoption of The Articles of Confederation. This document was actually proposed on June 11, 1776, but not agreed upon by Congress until November 15,1777. Once the signing took place in 1781, a President was needed to run the country.
John Hanson was chosen unanimously by Congress (which included George Washington). In fact, all the other potential candidates refused to run against him, as he was a major player in the revolution and an extremely influential member of Congress. The Articles of Confederation only allowed a President to serve a one year term during any three year period.

Seven other presidents were elected after him — Elias Boudinot (1782-83), Thomas Mifflin (1783-84), Richard Henry Lee (1784-85), John Hancock (1785-86), Nathan Gorman (1786-87), Arthur St. Clair (1787-88), and Cyrus Griffin (1788-89) — all prior to Washington taking office.

Why don't we hear about the first eight presidents?

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It's quite simple — The Articles of Confederation didn't work well. The individual states had too much power and nothing could be agreed upon. A new doctrine needed to be written — something we know as the Constitution.

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George Washington was definitely not the first President of the United States. He was the first President of the United States under the Constitution we follow today. And the first eight Presidents are forgotten in history.

 

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Design Thinking for Problem Solving

Design Thinking can be used to solve problems across all disciplines and is currently being used by businesses to understand how to pivot during a time of "exponential change". We will be using it in the up coming projects. It is about making many versions (called prototypes) and getting feedback.

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Design Thinking is a process much like Analytical Thinking (used in scientific experiments) and Systems Thinking (used for understanding how things connect in psychology and sociology). 

 

 

Design Thinking uses a 4 step non linear process shown below 

--Understand - Ideate - Prototype - Test--

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"This process is about creating multiple iterations of a variety of ideas ad testing those prototypes to find a final solution."

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Photoshop Basics

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Bit Map vs Vector Graphics

memory vs math

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Resoultion

72 dpi traditional screen resolution
180 dpi lowest printing resolution
300 dpi + good printing resolution
600 dpi + high resolution printing
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File Types

Working File Types

---- Photoshop = .PSD = working file, the one you keep. contains all information including layers
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End Product Files

---- JPEG = .JPG = great at compressing files. for web and email
---- GIFF = .GIF = limited to 225 colors, animation, web file
---- TIFF = .TIF = full quality print file
---- RAW = .RAW = raw camera data uncompressed file
---- Portable Document File = .PDF = compressed print file (used by the Hartwick Copy Center)

 

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File Management in Photoshop

- Opening a file
- Save / Save As a file
- Windows
- File --> New

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Laying out a design in Photoshop

before Photoshop

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1) paper size

2) single or multiple designs on the page?
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in Photoshop

3) size and resolution

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4) define print area 

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* Offset press - requires cut lines, a bleed and image area to fit within the paper size

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* Laser Printer - boarder size is 1/4" on all sides
-- standard paper sizes  - 8.5x11", 8.5x14", 11x17"

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* Inkjet printer - boarder size is 1/4",1/4",1/4", 1/2" on leading edge
-- standard paper sizes - 8.5x11", 8.5x14", 11x17", 19" wide, 24" wide, 36" wide, 42" wide

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5) Define the Middle

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6) "save as" a template file named appropriately as a .psd 
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ex. LP_cover_Template.psd
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Walk Through. Creating an 11x17" mini poster for a local event

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Assignment #1 [Due before the End of Class]

Create and Save a template at 180dpi for each of the following:

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1. small movie poster, 11"x17" - with guides for unprintable border and center
2. business flyer, 8.5"x11" with guides for unprintable border and center
3. business card with center guides
4. postcard with center guides
5. bumper sticker with center guides
6. CD with center guides

Save each template as a .PSD in a folder labeled with "your first name" and "assignment 1", on your desktop. Show the professor your six templates when you are finished.

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Work on Assignment 1